Photoelectric gloss meter



UNITED STATES rAreNrj-orrics PHOTOELECTRIC GLOSS METER Lynnville A. Carpenter, Neenah, Wia, and Ernst J. Schreiner, Knoxville, Tenn.,-assignors to xford Paper Company, a corporation of Maine Application December 16, 1935, Serial No. 54,574

' 6 Claims. (01. 88-14) The present invention relates to measuring debe moved away from the aperture plate l by vices and more particularly to a device for measmeans of a handle 32 on the arm 2|. uring the gloss on paper or the like. A bracket 33 is secured to the top platform In the manufacture of paper, one important l5 within the housing I0 and carries a. tube 34 5 property to be considered is the gloss, that is, which is directed toward the aperture II at an the specular reflection from the surface of the angle which has been determined by experiment paper. The amount of gloss is sometimes an to be approximately 15 degrees. A ring 35 is indication of the quality of the paper and paper slidably mounted on the outside of the tube 34 manufacturers therefore desire to establish and and carries a dependin 3 On which an p maintain standards by which paper can be readtu ed p te 3 i5 Slidable. The P t 31 can be '10 ily classified according to its gloss. fixed against sliding movement on the rod 35 One of the objects of the present invention y a Se c w A p SOO t 3 s secured is to provide a device for measuring gloss. Ani a ap tu i the other d of t p at 3 other object is to provide e gloss measuring dey ea o a s t c w 40, a a e ric amp vice which is simple and rugged in construction 4|, mounted in the Socket 39, extends into the 15 yet efficient and accurate in operation. A fur-. tube 34 through an Opening A le s cell 3 trier object i to provide a photoelectric gloss is telescopically slidable in the front end'of the measuring device in which a sample is compared tube 34 and carries a eellimating e 44 a d a v with a standard and th gloss of th ample diaphragm 45 for directing a colllmated beam indicated directly on a meter. These and other' f fi size onto the aperture H from the p 20 objects and advantages reside in certain novel When this lens 44 and diaphragm 45 ve features of construction, arrangement and combeen focused, the cell 43 i5 fixed in position y bination of parts as will hereinafter be more it Screw fully set forth and pointed out in the appended In Operation, the p 4| is adjusted until claims. a beam of the desired intensity and configure 25 Referring to the drawing: tion is obtained. In order to facilitate the loca- Fig, 1 is perspective view of an apparatus tion of replacement lamps, a carrier 41 containbodying this invention. ing a lens 48 and a ground glass 49 is telescopi- Fig 2 is a t u Section thereof cally slidable in the rear end of the tube 34.

Fig. 3 is a wiring diagram of the apparatus. After the p s been adjusted P per y, the 30 A preferred embodiment of this invention is carrier 41 is moved along the tube until the lens illustrated in the drawing wherein It indicates 48 images the ljemp Q the ground glass 9. a housing having base H side walls "I a rear The carrier 41 15 then fixed in place by a screw wall l3, a control panel l4 and a top platform 50 and the Position of the lamp a ked on the 5 I5. Mounted on the top of the platform [5 is ground elass Replacement lamps can then an aperture plate l6 having an aperture H. A be f Y posihohed by Simply moving h m bell crank lever I8 is pivoted at IS on a bracket h the lmage formed by the lens 43 o cides 20 secured to one'wall l2 of the housing It. Wlth the marks? on f ground glass One arm 2| of the lever l8 extends over the top how is provlded m the wall to Permit of the platform l5 and a black glass plate 22 Servation of the gmunflielass 40 i's pivoted at 23 on the arm 2l in such position A biacket 52 1s secured to the top platthat when the arm 2| is in its low position, the form I5 within the housing II] on the side of the glass plate 22 closes the aperture H in the aperiperture origoslte the g A tube 53 tum mate 6' other arm 24 of the lever I8 is secured in t e bracket 5 and directed toward is pivotally connected at 25 to a rod 26 which f gggig g :2 2 21 13 ig ii igli i gg 45 is slidable in a cylinder 21 secured to the wall at'the rear end f the tube 53 by means of 3 l2 of the housing It. A spring 28 between the clamp 5 and screws 55 I cylinder 21 and the arm 24 urges the lever l 8 R f i now to Fig 3 t photocell 54 is in a direction to press the glass plate 22 against shown as being f the photo-yoltaic type and 50 the pe Plate and a piston 29 On the one side of this photocell is connected to one side rod 26 slidin in a or 30 n h lin r of an ammeter -51 by a lead 58. The other side is provided with a small air leak 3| to' prevent of the photocell 54 is connected to a sliding contoo rapid movement of the glass plate 22 against tact 59 which cooperates with a large resistance a the aperture plate I6. The glass plate 22 may 60 connected to the other side of the ammeter 1 thus forming a potentiometer connection between the photocell and ammeter. A small resistance I is connected in series with the resistance I and a sliding contact l2 connected to the lead 58 cooperates with the resistance ll. In order to make coarse adjustments in the resistance between the photocell I4 and ammeter II, the potentiometer contact N is moved and fine adjustments are obtained by moving the contact i2.

Extending through the control panel H are knobs N and M which move the contacts I! and 82 respectively. The ammeter I1 is visible through an opening I in the control panel I.

In operation, the light is directed against the black glass plate 22 and the knobs N and 64 adjusted until the ammeter reading is 100. While other standards of gloss could obviously be used, a black glass plate is preferred as the standard of 100 per cent gloss because it is almost entirely a first surface reflector since the light passing through the surface is absorbed. Without disturbing the setting of the knobs i3 and N, the plate 22 is raised by the handle 32 and a sample inserted between the glass plate 22 and the aperture plate I. The ammeter reading will then be the first surface reflection of the paper sample as compared with that of the glass plate 22. Since the reading for the plate 22 was set at I00, the reading for the paper sample will be the actual per cent gloss.

The aperture plate I is very slightly concaved inward so that any air trapped between the glass plate 22 and the paper sample can rapidly and freely escape. In this way the paper sample quickly flattens itself against the plate 22 while if the plate 22 fits tightly against the aperture plate l6, some time would elapse before the entrapped air would escape and a true reading could be taken.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that we are able to attain the objects of our invention and provide a simple and rugged apparatus for determining accurately the gloss of a sample such as paper. Various modifications can, of course, be made without departing from the spirit of our invention or the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. In a device of the character described, a housing having an aperture, means within the housing for directing a beam of light toward said aperture at an angle of substantially 15 degrees thereto, a light responsive device within said housing located on the side of said aperture opposite said light source for receiving light from said aperture at an angle of substantially 15 degrees, a specular reflector, means for pressing said reflector against said housing at said aperture and means for introducing a sample between said reflector and said housing at said aperture.

2. In a device of the character described, a housing having an aperture, a lamp house within said housing at one side of said aperture, a lamp adjustably mounted in said lamp house, means in said lamp house for collimating the light from said lamp and for directing the collimated beam toward said aperture at an angle thereto, a photocell fixed within said housing on the side of said aperture opposite said lamp house and at the same angle as said beam, 9. black glass plate, means for adjustably mounting said plate on said housing so that the plate will contact the housing at said aperture and means for introducing a sample between said plate and said housing at said aperture.

3. In a device of the character described, a housing having an aperture, a lamp house within said housing at one side of said aperture, a lamp adjustably mounted in said lamp house, means in said lamp house for collimating the light from said lamp and for directing the collimated beam toward said aperture at an angle thereto, a photocell fixed within said housing on the side of said aperture opposite said lamp house and at the same angle as said beam, a black glass plate, means for adjustably mounting said plate on said housing so that the plate will contact the housing at said aperture, means for introducing a sample between said plate and said housing at said aperture and means for preventing the entrapment of 'air between said plate and said sample.

4. In a device of the character described, a housing having an aperture, means within said housing for directing a beam of light toward said aperture at an angle thereto, a light responsive device within said housing located on the side of said aperture opposite said light source and at the same angle to said aperture, 3. specular reflector, means for pressing said reflector against said housing at said aperture and means for introducing a sample between said reflector and said housing at said aperture.

5. In a device of the character described, a housing having an aperture, means within said housing for directing a beam of light toward said aperture at an angle thereto, a light responsive device within said housing located on the side of said aperture opposite said light source and at the same angle to said aperture, 2, specular reflector, means for pressing said reflector against said housing at said aperture, means for introducing a sample between said reflector and said housing at said aperture and means for permitting the escape of air entrapped between said reflector and said sample.

6. In a device of the character described a housing having a top wall, an aperture in said wall, said top wall being slightly concave adjacent said aperture, a light source within said housing, means for directing a collimated beam from said source toward said aperture at a small angle thereto, a photocell in said housing on the side of said aperture opposite said source and-at the same angle as said beam, means for indicating the current from said photocell, a polished black glass plate, means for pressing said plate against said wall at said aperture and means for introducing a sample between said plate and said wall.

LYNNVILLE A. CARPENTER. ERNST J. SCI-IREINER. 

